作为一名准基督徒，我就不能再用进化论看待他们了: )
2011年5月20日星期五
recent reading
最近被要求学习的书是The Rise and Decline of Nations, 外加Peter Schiff的畅销书How an Economy Grows and Why It Crashes, 等看完了汇报感想
2011年5月19日星期四
放假了
这几天一个劲劝我爸妈卖房产，趁泡泡破了之前
向崩紧的房地产资金链条投降？
对了还有，承诺的就要实现，虽然她似乎再也与我无关。so暑假继续去教会。
向崩紧的房地产资金链条投降？
这边认识的同学大部分暑假回家，托Bob回来时帮我托几本LSAT的书。
BTW, HIS 375终于拿了个A
对了还有，承诺的就要实现，虽然她似乎再也与我无关。so暑假继续去教会。
2011年5月10日星期二
引一段维基百科
Soviet war in Afghanistan
短短一段话错误怎么这么多...
The United States, the United Kingdom, and Saudi Arabia became major financial contributors, the United States donating "$600 million in aid per year, with a matching amount coming from the Persian Gulf states."[87] The People's Republic of China also sold Type 59 tanks, Type 68 assault rifles, Type 56 assault rifles, Type 69 RPGs, and much more to mujahideen in co-operation with the CIA, as did Egypt with assault rifles. Of particular significance was the donation of US-made FIM-92 Stinger anti-aircraft missile systems, which caused a notable increase in aircraft losses of the Soviet Air Force.[88] The main impact that it made, however, was the change it led to in Soviet tactics – helicopters increasingly stayed over friendly forces and limited daytime flights, jetcraft were forced to fly much higher, and other contingency measures were put in place.[89]再引一段污有之乡：
当前的国际恐怖组织，除美国之外，大都集中在中东的伊斯兰世界。这个地区为什么盛产恐怖主义？这与这个地区丰富的石油资源和重要的战略位置分不开。为了争夺这一地区的战略资源，前苏联入侵阿富汗，美国支持以色列，频繁在这个地区发动战争，让无数的穆斯林教徒人失去了家园，无数的穆斯林失去了亲人。这些失去家园和亲人的穆斯林，就成了恐怖主义肥沃的土壤。因而，美苏的霸权是恐怖主义泛滥的根源。现在，苏联解体了，美国又在这里发动了多场战争，美国就成了当前恐怖主义的唯一根源。
短短一段话错误怎么这么多...
2011年5月8日星期日
interesting extra credit #3
§EXTRA CREDIT #3
You begin with a certain number of points. This number of points is equal to the score that you received on the second midterm (if you missed the second midterm, then the number is equal to your score on the first midterm; if you missed both, the number of your points is equal to 10).The points are worth extra credit such that each point is worth 0.1% extra credit towards your POL 101 course grade.
Your task is to contribute some, or none, of your points to the public pool. Also, you cannot contribute more points than you have.
If the sum of all contributions is equal to or greater than 2500 points: then your extra credit is equal to whatever points you saved (i.e., did not contribute).
If the sum of all contributions is less than 2500: no one gets extra credit.
In addition: if you get A or A- on the final exam, I will subtract 5 points from the target (which is initially 2500). That is, getting A/A- on the final exam makes it easier for everyone to get extra credit.
If you get F on the final exam, I will add 5 points to the target (which, again, is initially 2500). That is, getting F on the final exam makes it more difficult for everyone to get extra credit.
For example, 30 students get A/A- on the final exam and 20 students get F. Thus, the extra credit target that must be reached changes to 2500 - 30*5 + 20*5 = 2450.
On the other hand, if 20 students get A/A- on the final exam and 30 students get F, the extra credit target that must be reached changes to 2500 - 20*5 + 30*5 = 2550.
For your information: There are 200 students in the class. The total number of points that the students have is between 5000 and 5500.
Please, think carefully about your choice and enter the number, which corresponds to your contribution. You will not be able to change your contribution once it is submitted. If you fail to answer the question, your contribution is assumed to be zero. The deadline to submit your answer is the last day of classes.
Good luck,
Oleg Smirnov
You begin with a certain number of points. This number of points is equal to the score that you received on the second midterm (if you missed the second midterm, then the number is equal to your score on the first midterm; if you missed both, the number of your points is equal to 10).The points are worth extra credit such that each point is worth 0.1% extra credit towards your POL 101 course grade.
Your task is to contribute some, or none, of your points to the public pool. Also, you cannot contribute more points than you have.
If the sum of all contributions is equal to or greater than 2500 points: then your extra credit is equal to whatever points you saved (i.e., did not contribute).
If the sum of all contributions is less than 2500: no one gets extra credit.
In addition: if you get A or A- on the final exam, I will subtract 5 points from the target (which is initially 2500). That is, getting A/A- on the final exam makes it easier for everyone to get extra credit.
If you get F on the final exam, I will add 5 points to the target (which, again, is initially 2500). That is, getting F on the final exam makes it more difficult for everyone to get extra credit.
For example, 30 students get A/A- on the final exam and 20 students get F. Thus, the extra credit target that must be reached changes to 2500 - 30*5 + 20*5 = 2450.
On the other hand, if 20 students get A/A- on the final exam and 30 students get F, the extra credit target that must be reached changes to 2500 - 20*5 + 30*5 = 2550.
For your information: There are 200 students in the class. The total number of points that the students have is between 5000 and 5500.
Please, think carefully about your choice and enter the number, which corresponds to your contribution. You will not be able to change your contribution once it is submitted. If you fail to answer the question, your contribution is assumed to be zero. The deadline to submit your answer is the last day of classes.
Good luck,
Oleg Smirnov
2011年5月4日星期三
Essay 5---HIS 375
Jack was born in 1864, just one year before the end of the American civil war. He was a white man form Long Island, New York. Motivated by the thriving post-civil war mass railway construction and the foundation of the Cornell University College of Engineering in 1870, he made his resolution to devote himself to the booming railway construction industry. In 1883, he received anticipated admission from Cornell University, so he chose the new Electronic Engineering major as his concentration. He studied diligently, as expected; he finally graduated and became an engineer of The Union Pacific Railroad. Several years after his graduation, in 1890, as a devout Protestant, he married with Sherry, who was also a pious Protestant woman from Connecticut. When it comes to political stance, because of the natural northern identity and the Republican Party’s financial backing for railway construction industry, he was a staunch Republican Party supporter and expansionist. In 1898, Jack became a chief engineer.
In 1898-1899, he was a strong supporter for war against Spanish and limited annexation, but he didn’t buy the full annexation blueprint of Philippines. There were three reasons why he supported the Spanish-American war and the following territory annexation: the agitation of New York’s yellow news, future railway construction perspectives and the Protestant religious belief.
Actually, long before 1898, Jack did not favor the Spanish’s act in Cuba. The root of this sentiment of dislike came from the new sensationalism creed due to the fierce circulation competition between two media magnates: William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. As a New Yorker, he read newspapers a lot. Frequently, Jack found that the newspapers, especially the New York Journal founded by Hearst, were replete with the reports of malignant and vicious behaviors that the Spanish troops conducted in Cuba. For example, as a Protestant, he was shocked by a painting which showed that some American women were violently searched by the Spanish male troops. And the New York Journal always depicted Cuba as an innocent young girl when depicting Spain as an atrocious monster. These grotesque caricatures and sensational stories chagrined Jack a lot.
In reality, many of these eye-catching stories and caricatures were fraud and exaggerated. In 1890s, a lot of journalists and media tycoons such as Hearst and Pulitzer found that media sensationalism and yellow news were well-behaved strategies to expand newspaper circulation. Serious social conflicts and racial discontent in 1890s popped up the perfect hotbed of populist environment. Soaring criminal rate in northern American cities (especially in New York) accompanied by influx of aliens and Negros gave nascent modern penny newspaper industry endless catchy sources. Catering to this populist environment, reporters always made up fraud stories and exaggerated the real situations in order to add newspaper circulation and crush competitors. For media industry magnates such as Pulitzer and Hearst, the Spanish-American War was a critical opportunity to expand their business. Almost all the newspapers during 1890s were continuously fermenting antagonism between American public and the Spanish troops in Cuba.
The result of this kind of agitation was prevailing anti-Spanish resentment of American people all across the United States. Jack, like many other New Yorkers who could not discern the validity of ubiquitous sensational news, shared the common resentment sentiment toward Spanish and frenetically became a warmonger.
The second reason why Jack supported the war and following annexation was related to his own railway construction business and his civilization egotism. If victory finally belonged to America, Jack thought, and then larger American market would come along. Jack was a buyer of the popular Glut Theory in 1890s.”The theory held that owing to technological advances, productivity in the industrial countries was increasing far faster than their populations could ever be expected to increase. Thus production had permanently outrun the demands of the home market, and economic health could be restored only by selling the surplus goods in the non-industrial areas of the world”. (Healy, 17) The following annexation after Spanish-American War, he thought, could give America an advantageous access to the Chinese and Japanese market. Jack had been eager to participate in China’s mass railway construction plan. When he was studying at Cornell University, he already knew Wilson’s ambitious railway building plan at China. But he finally understood the infeasibility of Wilson’s plan due to China’s vague and backward political system. It turned out that he was right, “It was a simple matter to form the new company about the existing, and genuinely Chinese, Kaiping Railway Company, Bypassing Wilson’s organization”. (Healy, 77) As a superior race with developed political system and mature modern civilization, Jack believed that it was American’s obligation to build railway in China, so that Chinese people could become more civilized and trustworthy.
As one member of post-civil war generation, Jack did not go through the bloody civil war. So he did not possess first-hand experience on the horrible war’s bloodiness and relentlessness. In Jack’s era, the economy of the United States was burgeoning due to the unification of domestic market and mass infrastructure construction all across the American territory. Jack contended that war was important for economic prosperity. In his mind, success of The American Revolutionary War ceased the economic barricades and provided an important integrated domestic market. Success of The American Civil war was a prerequisite for northern prosperity and industrial booming. In short, Jack believed that war was a kind of momentum for economy development. As a New Yorker, he was also alarming for the growing seriousness of city social conflicts and the circulation of extreme political ideologies. “The best class of American youth was therefore tending to become idle dawdlers and socialites”. (Healy, 107)He also disliked the pervasive bourgeois materialism in 1890s. He was aware that the United States was facing a series of abnormal social metamorphosis, and he thought war was a good remedy for these social problems. “How to protect traditional values and in a period of metamorphosis, how to offset class struggles with a unifying nationalism, how to reintegrate the upper class into the main currents of public life, how to combat sordid and pervasive materialism.” (Healy, 109) These questions always baffled Jack now and then, but now he regarded the war as a panacea.
Another important reason why Jack supported the war against Spanish and the following annexations was his Protestant belief. He and his wife Sherry had a strong feeling that Christianity was a seal of western civilization and progressiveness. He thought this civilization and progressiveness should be universal. As a pious Protestant, he disfavored Roman Catholic, just like many other religious Americans did. Through the newspapers Jack knew the overwhelming domination of Roman Catholic in Cuba and Philippines, and he thought this kind of domination was unacceptable. ”conquest was even more moral, of course, if its object was to conquer souls of God, and to much of the Protestant religious press in America, it appeared that the Spanish War would ultimately serve just that purpose”. (Healy, 134)
In conclusion, Jack was a typical American in 1890s, and his opinion was identical to the mainstream social tone in 1890s. He regarded war as a way of civilization and modernization. The seizure of overseas territories, although a little incongruous with American belief and tradition, was a milestone of American civilization and progressiveness. Jack was sanguine that his railway business would benefit from the annexations as well due to the expanded global market. He also held the opinion that the success of the Spanish War was an important political accomplishment for the Republicans, which could strengthen the party power and crush the democrats.
In 1898-1899, he was a strong supporter for war against Spanish and limited annexation, but he didn’t buy the full annexation blueprint of Philippines. There were three reasons why he supported the Spanish-American war and the following territory annexation: the agitation of New York’s yellow news, future railway construction perspectives and the Protestant religious belief.
Actually, long before 1898, Jack did not favor the Spanish’s act in Cuba. The root of this sentiment of dislike came from the new sensationalism creed due to the fierce circulation competition between two media magnates: William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. As a New Yorker, he read newspapers a lot. Frequently, Jack found that the newspapers, especially the New York Journal founded by Hearst, were replete with the reports of malignant and vicious behaviors that the Spanish troops conducted in Cuba. For example, as a Protestant, he was shocked by a painting which showed that some American women were violently searched by the Spanish male troops. And the New York Journal always depicted Cuba as an innocent young girl when depicting Spain as an atrocious monster. These grotesque caricatures and sensational stories chagrined Jack a lot.
In reality, many of these eye-catching stories and caricatures were fraud and exaggerated. In 1890s, a lot of journalists and media tycoons such as Hearst and Pulitzer found that media sensationalism and yellow news were well-behaved strategies to expand newspaper circulation. Serious social conflicts and racial discontent in 1890s popped up the perfect hotbed of populist environment. Soaring criminal rate in northern American cities (especially in New York) accompanied by influx of aliens and Negros gave nascent modern penny newspaper industry endless catchy sources. Catering to this populist environment, reporters always made up fraud stories and exaggerated the real situations in order to add newspaper circulation and crush competitors. For media industry magnates such as Pulitzer and Hearst, the Spanish-American War was a critical opportunity to expand their business. Almost all the newspapers during 1890s were continuously fermenting antagonism between American public and the Spanish troops in Cuba.
The result of this kind of agitation was prevailing anti-Spanish resentment of American people all across the United States. Jack, like many other New Yorkers who could not discern the validity of ubiquitous sensational news, shared the common resentment sentiment toward Spanish and frenetically became a warmonger.
The second reason why Jack supported the war and following annexation was related to his own railway construction business and his civilization egotism. If victory finally belonged to America, Jack thought, and then larger American market would come along. Jack was a buyer of the popular Glut Theory in 1890s.”The theory held that owing to technological advances, productivity in the industrial countries was increasing far faster than their populations could ever be expected to increase. Thus production had permanently outrun the demands of the home market, and economic health could be restored only by selling the surplus goods in the non-industrial areas of the world”. (Healy, 17) The following annexation after Spanish-American War, he thought, could give America an advantageous access to the Chinese and Japanese market. Jack had been eager to participate in China’s mass railway construction plan. When he was studying at Cornell University, he already knew Wilson’s ambitious railway building plan at China. But he finally understood the infeasibility of Wilson’s plan due to China’s vague and backward political system. It turned out that he was right, “It was a simple matter to form the new company about the existing, and genuinely Chinese, Kaiping Railway Company, Bypassing Wilson’s organization”. (Healy, 77) As a superior race with developed political system and mature modern civilization, Jack believed that it was American’s obligation to build railway in China, so that Chinese people could become more civilized and trustworthy.
As one member of post-civil war generation, Jack did not go through the bloody civil war. So he did not possess first-hand experience on the horrible war’s bloodiness and relentlessness. In Jack’s era, the economy of the United States was burgeoning due to the unification of domestic market and mass infrastructure construction all across the American territory. Jack contended that war was important for economic prosperity. In his mind, success of The American Revolutionary War ceased the economic barricades and provided an important integrated domestic market. Success of The American Civil war was a prerequisite for northern prosperity and industrial booming. In short, Jack believed that war was a kind of momentum for economy development. As a New Yorker, he was also alarming for the growing seriousness of city social conflicts and the circulation of extreme political ideologies. “The best class of American youth was therefore tending to become idle dawdlers and socialites”. (Healy, 107)He also disliked the pervasive bourgeois materialism in 1890s. He was aware that the United States was facing a series of abnormal social metamorphosis, and he thought war was a good remedy for these social problems. “How to protect traditional values and in a period of metamorphosis, how to offset class struggles with a unifying nationalism, how to reintegrate the upper class into the main currents of public life, how to combat sordid and pervasive materialism.” (Healy, 109) These questions always baffled Jack now and then, but now he regarded the war as a panacea.
Another important reason why Jack supported the war against Spanish and the following annexations was his Protestant belief. He and his wife Sherry had a strong feeling that Christianity was a seal of western civilization and progressiveness. He thought this civilization and progressiveness should be universal. As a pious Protestant, he disfavored Roman Catholic, just like many other religious Americans did. Through the newspapers Jack knew the overwhelming domination of Roman Catholic in Cuba and Philippines, and he thought this kind of domination was unacceptable. ”conquest was even more moral, of course, if its object was to conquer souls of God, and to much of the Protestant religious press in America, it appeared that the Spanish War would ultimately serve just that purpose”. (Healy, 134)
In conclusion, Jack was a typical American in 1890s, and his opinion was identical to the mainstream social tone in 1890s. He regarded war as a way of civilization and modernization. The seizure of overseas territories, although a little incongruous with American belief and tradition, was a milestone of American civilization and progressiveness. Jack was sanguine that his railway business would benefit from the annexations as well due to the expanded global market. He also held the opinion that the success of the Spanish War was an important political accomplishment for the Republicans, which could strengthen the party power and crush the democrats.
订阅：
博文 (Atom)